In vitro propagation of Phyllanthus emblica L.

Seeds of emblic were soaked in 1 percent antibiotic (streptomycin and penicillin) solution for 15-60 minutes before surface sterilization in 15 percent sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes. Seeds were cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium with 3 percent sucrose. The least percentage of contamination, 33.3 percent, was found in 1 percent antibiotic solution soaking for the 60 minute-treatment. The shoot, cotyledon, hypocotyl and root segments were cut from 20-30 days old seedlings and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BA. Among the explants, hypocotyl segment gave the maximum shoots numbers (56.7 shoots) after cultured 60 days. The culture media, which varied the concentrations of BA and kinetin from 0-10 mg/l, were tested for the study of shoot multiplication. Highest shoot proliferation (61.2 shoots) was achieved from medium containing 4 mg/l BA. Shoots were transferred to MS basal medium for 2 weeks before root induction experiment. Rooting media were performed by varied the concentrations of auxin, IBA and NAA, from 0-10 mg/l or reduced ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate concentrations from normal concentration to 100 percent reduced (without those compounds) or increased sucrose concentrations from 3-12 percent. The highest percentage of rooting and average root number is 65 percent and 2.8 roots were found on MS medium without ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate treatment after cultured 60 days. For the study of shoot development from lateral bud culture, buds were taken from lateral branches of mature tree. These explants were soaked in varied antibiotic for 30-90 minutes before surface sterile in 15 percent sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 minutes. The least percentage of contamination, 56 percent, was found in 1 percent streptomycin and penicillin solution for 90 minute-treatment. Then the sterile explants were cultured on MS medium which varied the concentrations of BA from 0-10 mg/l. Buds were difficult to develop new shoot; only 2 mg/l BA treatment was succeed after cultured 60 days.