Physico-chemical changes and volatile constituents observed in 10 apricot cultivars during post-harvest ripening
2013
Golias, J., Mendel Univ. in Brno, Lednice (Czech Republic). Dept. of Post-Harvest Technology and Horticultural Products | Letal, J., Advanced Drug Development Services, Brno (Czech Republic) | Dokoupil, L., Mendel Univ. in Brno, Lednice (Czech Republic). Dept. of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants | Krska, B., Mendel Univ. in Brno, Lednice (Czech Republic). Dept. of Fruit Growing and Propagation
Physico-chemical changes included a significant decrease in firmness during post-harvest ripening, whereas the levels of total soluble solids were found to be very similar. Ethylene as a parameter of ripening contributed to the resolution of cultivars in the over-ripe phase. On the other hand, fruit softening was not a useful parameter for distinguishing cultivars. 59 of volatiles were determined by the static headspace SPME gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and included 18 alcohols, 12 aldehydes, 10 esters, 11 terpenes, 5 lactones and 3 miscellaneous. Actually, the production of alcohols at ripe stage had almost been completed, since at the over-ripe stage they increased only slightly. Terpene levels were highest for the medium-late cultivars (Orangered, Velkopavlovicka, Pinco, Silvercot and Leskora); they were predominantly limonene, alpha-terpineol and beta-Ionone. The decrease in the concentration of terpenes in over-ripe fruit was statistically significant. There are six compounds (2-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutanal, n-hexylbutanoate, 3-methyl-3-methylbutyric acid, gamma-caprolactone and gamma-octalactone) which taken together can be used to distinguish the two different stages of maturity, ripe and over-ripe. The most abundant of these are gamma-caprolactone and gamma-octalactone, followed by 2-methylbutan-1-ol. If the volatiles from the cultivars used in this investigation are compared using cv. Bergeron as a standard, then only 10 are required to separate each variety at the over-ripe phase. Principal component analysis clearly separated the cvs Velkopavlovicka and Bergeron from all the others, which probably reflects major differences in the production of volatiles and ethylene.
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