Purification and Chemical Properties of Complement System-Activating Polysaccharides from the Leaf of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer
2018
Shin, K.S., Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
To develop new ingredients with biological functionality, discarded ginseng leaves (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) were used in this study. A neutral crude polysaccharide (GS-4) was isolated after a surfactant treatment and precipitation with an 80% ethanol solution. To determine if the high anti-complementary activity of GS-4 isolated from ginseng leaf was due to the polysaccharide, anti-complementary activity was examined after a treatment with protease, periodate oxidation, and chlorite. As a result, the anti-complementary activity was decreased significantly by periodate oxidation but changed slightly after a treatment with protease and chlorite. This result suggests that the anti-complementary activity by GS-4 is due mainly to the polysaccharide moiety. GS-4a-Ⅰ was purified from the crude polysaccharide (GS-4) from the leaf of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer by two subsequent column chromatography steps using DEAE-Sepharose FF and Bio-gel P-30. GS-4a-Ⅰ showed considerably high anti-complementary activity compared to GS-4 and GS-4a. Furthermore, the cross-immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3 serum and anti-complementary activity was carried out after incubation of normal human serum with GS-4a-Ⅰ in the presence or absence of Ca++. These results suggest that GS-4a-Ⅰ activates the complement system through an alternative pathway as well as the classical pathway. An analysis of the general chemical properties of complement-activating GS-4a-Ⅰ revealed a molecular weight of 14,400 Da. GS-4a-Ⅰ consisted mainly of 60.8% neutral sugar including 30.7% galactose and 22.5% arabinose, as well as 36.3% uronic acid through general analysis and component sugar analysis.
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