Aluminium Toxicity and Its Tolerance in Plant: A Review
2021
Rahman, R. | Upadhyaya, H.
Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major abiotic stress problems around the globe where acidic soil is present. Al shows a toxic effect between the soil pH 4.5 and 5.5. Root growth inhibition is the most prodigious symptom of Al toxicity in plants. Aluminium toxicity adversely affects the plant growth and development which ultimately reduces the yield. However, the extent of toxicity depends on the genotype of the plant, that is the plant is either the Al-sensitive or Al-tolerant type. Plants have several mechanisms to cope with the toxic effects of aluminium which include exclusion mechanism and internal tolerance mechanism. This review discusses the harmful impacts of aluminium on morphological, anatomical, physio-biochemical, and molecular aspects of the plant. This review also discusses the strategies to reduce the toxic effects of aluminium in plant and various aluminium-responsive genes which can be used in genetic manipulation for better crop development.
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