Pregnancy monitoring using four-dimensional (4d) ultrasonography in bitches: Pregnancy monitoring using four-dimensional (4d) ultrasonography in bitches
2022
Suresh Kumar, R | Sarath, T | Umamageswari, T | Rangasamy, T | Arunmozhi, N | Pugazharasi, C | Krishnakumar, K
The study was conducted on pregnant bitches at Small Animal Gynaecology Ward, Department of Clinics, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai- 600007, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the use of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasonography in staging embryonic and fetal development and for predicting the pregnancy outcome and to study the fetal anomalies and fetal resorptionin bitches. Twelve pregnant bitches of different breeds of 10 to 40 kg body weight were the experimental animals for the study. All the twelve pregnant bitches were subjected to both 2D and 4D ultrasound examinations at days 30, 40, 50 and 60 post breeding. The accuracy of gestational age prediction based on gestational sac diameter and head diameter using 4D ultrasound was studied and compared with 2D (two-dimensional) ultrasound. The present paper reports the use of 4D ultrasonography in diagnosing fetal activity, fetal anomalies and fetal resorption in bitches.
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