Comparison of Different Spraying Methods in Greenhouses Regarding to Exposure of Pesticide Spray Operators

Greenhouse is space limited part in which all environmental factors can be controlled and for dense crop and production of the season outside or plant environment outside, is constructed. Another problem of pest control and diseases of greenhouse crop, little effect on the country chemical pesticides and greenhouse sprayers are inappropriate because of Consuming too pesticides. The proper spraying techniques according to the type of product are important. In this study, a cucumber greenhouse in ALBORZ Province (HASHTGERD city) was chosen and different sprayers and amounts of the toxic solution were evaluated. Given that height of cucumber plants from the growth beginning to the end of the harvest be to about two meters, the stage of plant growth as an indicator of user contamination peak was intended and the treatments were applied at this time. This study was conducted, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications. This project has two treatments. First treatment is spraying technology included of four levels 1- motorized knapsack mistblower 2- wheel barrow sprayer 3- Ergonomical greenhouse sprayer(Forward) 4- Ergonomical greenhouse sprayer(Backward) and The second treatment is toxic solution amount included of two levels 1- Amount of usual toxic solution 2 – half the usual amount of toxic solution. Number of Statistically compounds equal 8 and a result of experimental units is 24 units. The length of each row for each treatment, 30 m , spraying distance of 2 meters between treatments to prevent pesticide interference effect, And a distance of 1 meter (a row) between replicates was considered. Results of this research were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. In evaluation of user pollution, water-sensitive papers have been installed on spraying safety equipment in various positions. After treating and spraying, papers were collected and measured to determine the level of contamination were transferred to the laboratory. Papers installed in 24 points of whole operator body. The results showed that the ergonomical greenhouse sprayer, volume median diameter and number median diameter of spraying droplets are 10/311 and 0.441 respectively. The Solution consumption in the ergonomic greenhouse sprayer with 12 nozzles Obtained 2242 liters per hectare. The theoretical capacity in ground speed of 3.4 meters and a working width of 8/0 m, 2.72 hectares per hour was obtained. Spray treatment effects in terms of pollution percentage on the user's entire body, including head, arms, body and legs is significant difference at 1% and between different sprayers, in terms of contamination percentage of user the entire body is significant difference, so that most contamination percentage (%87.53) is relevant to the wheel barrow sprayer and motorized knapsack mistblower and ergonomical greenhouse sprayer with %24.10 and the average %1.8 are in the next classes, respectively. Therefore can be said that User whole body contamination in motorized knapsack mistblower than wheel barrow sprayer and ergonomical greenhouse sprayer than wheel barrow sprayer have decreased 25.3 and 47 times, respectively.