Determination of the mathematical dependence of the degree of soil crumbling by a combined small-sized tillage unit with an active spiral roller

This article presents a new design of a combined small-sized tillage unit equipped with an active spiral roller. Introduction. Since ancient times, the plowman has been improving soil cultivation tools, from the simplest plow to modern implements, individual single-operation units to complex combined machines. Since in modern times the agricultural industry in Russia relies on small forms of management, which intensively uses small-sized tillage equipment, the development of hinged combined working bodies for a walk-behind tractor for pre-sowing tillage is an urgent task. Materials and methods. The Mari State University has developed a design for a combined small-sized tillage unit with an active spiral roller. Through statistical processing of experimental data, the mathematical dependence of the degree of crumbling of the soil on the main independent factors of the processing process was revealed, which made it possible to determine the most effective technological modes of operation of the unit. Field analysis of the factors affecting the degree of crumbling of the soil, which characterized its evenness, showed that the depth of processing, the load on the press roller and the speed of the roller rotor had the greatest influence on this indicator. Research results, discussion. The experimental research program included several stages and consisted of preliminary one-factor and full three-factor experiments. In accordance with the results of one-factor experiments during the implementation of combined tillage, the characteristic dependences of soil lumpiness indicators on the indicators of the depth of processing, the engine speed and the load of the packer were determined. Based on the data obtained, a mathematical dependence of the degree of crumbling of the soil on various factors was derived. Conclusion. The optimal soil tillage parameters for a spiral roller are the tillage depth Х1=18 cm, the rotor speed of the roller Х2=340 rpm and the load of the packer roller Х3=50 N. The use of these parameters provides the highest degree of soil crumbling and allows sowing and planting crops in accordance with agrotechnical requirements, making the work of the combined small-sized unit the most efficient.