Introduction And Bioecological Features Of Carica Papaya L. In Closed Conditions Of Absheron

In this article, for the first time at the Institute of Dendrology of ANAS, we are reporting about the introduction, reproduction, bioecological features of the species Carica papaya L. in the closed conditions of Absheron. In the mentioned conditions, it successfully grows and develops, blooms and bears fruit normally. Papaya is native to the south of Mexico, Central America and the north of South America, but it is now grown in all tropical countries, the main producers are India and Brazil. It is a low, slender palm tree with a thin trunk without branches, an evergreen, perennial tropical plant, 5-10 m high. Although Carica papaya L. is a tropical plant, it is also grown in subtropical climates. The leaves are large, 50-70 cm in diameter, located in the form of a rosette at the top of the branchless trunk, longstemmed, divided into 5 or 7 parts. Flowers develop in the axils of the leaves, turning into large fruits, 10- 30 cm in diameter and 15-45 cm long. Riped fruits are soft and amber to orange in color. The pulp of ripe fruits is yellow, orange and red. The stem of a young plant contains soft tissue, while the nucleus of a mature plant is empty. Carica papaya L. introduced in the plant collections of the greenhouse at the Institute of Dendrology since 25.11.2017. The dynamics of growth of Carica papaya L. species in-situ, annual growth, effective methods of reproduction, the process of flowering and fruiting, stages of phenological development and adaptation possibilities have been studied. Carica papaya L. propagated by cuttings and seeds. The seeds are sown in the spring in the soil, which consists of sand, peat, earth and turf in equal proportions. The sprouts emerge within 7-10 days, then within a year they must be replanted about 3 times as they grow. Propagation by cuttings is possible: you should choose a stem thick with the length of 1.5 cm in a 1-2-year-old plant. The stem is divided into 10 cm segments along the length. The cuttings are dried before planting in a warm, dry place, then placed in a sandy substrate for rooting. Vegetative propagation also uses new shoots from older specimens. The plant should have 3-4 leaves. It can be planted by cutting at a temperature of 30 � C by swelling. Carica papaya L. grows best at high temperatures. The optimum temperature should be between 21 � C and 33 � C. At 12-14 � C, plants stop growing. The plant is not resistant to frost. A water-loving plant grown in all tropical and subtropical zones, at any time of the year. -0.5 � C kills the plants. Carica papia L. needs high humidity, the rate of latter should be 66% during the growing season. Requires soil, does not like salt water and saline soils. Fruiting at 3-4 years, life expectancy is about 8-10 years, in cultural conditions - 15-20 years.