The genome sequence of segmental allotetraploid peanut Arachis hypogaea

Like many other crops, the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is of hybrid origin and has a polyploid genome that contains essentially complete sets of chromosomes from two ancestral species. Here we report the genome sequence of peanut and show that after its polyploid origin, the genome has evolved through mobile-element activity, deletions and by the flow of genetic information between corresponding ancestral chromosomes (that is, homeologous recombination). Uniformity of patterns of homeologous recombination at the ends of chromosomes favors a single origin for cultivated peanut and its wild counterpart A. monticola. However, through much of the genome, homeologous recombination has created diversity. Using new polyploid hybrids made from the ancestral species, we show how this can generate phenotypic changes such as spontaneous changes in the color of the flowers. We suggest that diversity generated by these genetic mechanisms helped to favor the domestication of the polyploid A. hypogaea over other diploid Arachis species cultivated by humans.

Fil: Bertioli, David J.. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Jenkins, Jerry. Hudsonalpha Institute For Biotechnology; Estados Unidos

Fil: Clevenger, Josh. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Dudchenko, Olga. The Center for Genome Architecture; Estados Unidos

Fil: Gao, Dongying. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina

Fil: Leal Bertioli, Soraya C.M.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Argentina

Fil: Ren, Longhui. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Farmer, Andrew D.. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Pandey, Manish K.. Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT); India

Fil: Samoluk, Sergio Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina

Fil: Abernathy, Brian. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Agarwal, Gaurav. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Ballén Taborda, Carolina. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Cameron, Connor. National Center for Genome Resources; Estados Unidos

Fil: Campbell, Jacqueline. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos

Fil: Chavarro, Carolina. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Chitikineni, Annapurna. Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT); India

Fil: Chu, Ye. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Dash, Sudhansu. National Center for Genome Resources; Estados Unidos

Fil: El Baidouri, Moaine. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia

Fil: Guo, Baozhu. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Huang, Wei. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos

Fil: Kim, Kyung Do. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos. Corporate R&D, LG Chem; Corea del Sur

Fil: Korani, Walid. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Lanciano, Sophie. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia

Fil: Lui, Christopher G.. The Center for Genome Architecture; Estados Unidos

Fil: Mirouze, Marie. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia

Fil: Moretzsohn, Márcio C.. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil

Fil: Pham, Melanie. The Center for Genome Architecture; Estados Unidos

Fil: Shin, Jin Hee. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Shirasawa, Kenta Shirasawa. Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute; Japón

Fil: Sinharoy, Senjuti. National Institute of Plant Genome Research; India

Fil: Sreedasyam, Avinash. Hudson Alpha Institute of Biotechnology; Estados Unidos

Fil: Weeks, Nathan T.. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados Unidos

Fil: Zhang, Xinyou. Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; China

Fil: Zheng, Zheng. Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; China

Fil: Sun, Ziqi. Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; China

Fil: Froenicke, Lutz. University of California at Davis; Estados Unidos

Fil: Aiden, Erez L.. The Center for Genome Architecture; Estados Unidos

Fil: Michelmore, Richard. University of California at Davis; Estados Unidos

Fil: Varshney, Rajeev K.. Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT); India

Fil: Holbrook, C. Corley. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados Unidos

Fil: Cannon, Ethalinda K. S.. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos

Fil: Scheffler, Brian E.. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados Unidos

Fil: Grimwood, Jane. Hudson Alpha Institute of Biotechnology; Estados Unidos

Fil: Ozias-Akins, Peggy. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Cannon, Steven B.. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados Unidos

Fil: Jackson, Scott A.. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos

Fil: Schmutz, Jeremy. Hudson Alpha Institute of Biotechnology; Estados Unidos