Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients
2023
Qiu, Tong | Aravena, Marie-Claire | Ascoli, Davide | Bergeron, Yves | Bogdziewicz, Michal | Boivin, Thomas | Bonal, Raul | Caignard, Thomas | Cailleret, Maxime | Calama, Rafael | Calderon, Sergio Donoso | Camarero, J. Julio | Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao | Chave, Jérôme | Chianucci, Francesco | Courbaud, Benoit | Cutini, Andrea | Das, Adrian | Delpierre, Nicolas | Delzon, Sylvain | Dietze, Michael | Dormont, Laurent | Espelta, Josep Maria | Fahey, Timothy | Farfan-Rios, William | Franklin, Jerry | Gehring, Catherine | Gilbert, Gregory | Gratzer, Georg | Greenberg, Cathryn | Guignabert, Arthur | Guo, Qinfeng | Hacket-Pain, Andrew | Hampe, Arndt | Han, Qingmin | Holik, Jan | Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko | Ibanez, Ines | Johnstone, Jill | Journé, Valentin | Kitzberger, Thomas | Knops, Johannes | Kunstler, Georges | Kurokawa, Hiroko | Lageard, Jonathan | Lamontagne, Jalene | Lefevre, Francois | Leininger, Theodor | Limousin, Jean-Marc | Lutz, James | Macias, Diana | Marell, Anders | Mcintire, Eliot | Moore, Christopher | Moran, Emily | Motta, Renzo | Myers, Jonathan | Nagel, Thomas | Naoe, Shoji | Noguchi, Mahoko | Oguro, Michio | Parmenter, Robert | Pearse, Ian | Perez-Ramos, Ignacio | Piechnik, Lukasz | Podgorski, Tomasz | Poulsen, John | Redmond, Miranda | Reid, Chantal | Rodman, Kyle | Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco | Samonil, Pavel | Sanguinetti, Javier | Scher, C. Lane | Seget, Barbara | Sharma, Shubhi | Shibata, Mitsue | Silman, Miles | Steele, Michael | Stephenson, Nathan | Straub, Jacob | Sutton, Samantha | Swenson, Jennifer | Swift, Margaret | Thomas, Peter | Uriarte, Maria | Vacchiano, Giorgio | Whipple, Amy | Whitham, Thomas | Wion, Andreas | Wright, S. Joseph | Zhu, Kai | Zimmerman, Jess | Zywiec, Magdalena | Clark, James | Nicholas School of the Environment ; Duke University [Durham] | Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE) | Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO) | Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT) | Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM) | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER) ; Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Universidad de Chili / Departamento de Ciencias de la Computation | National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU) | Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centro di Viticoltura ed Enologia [CREA] ; Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) | Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (Fédération OSUG)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) | Western Ecological Research Center | Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Boston University [Boston] (BU) | Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) ; Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries = Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Cornell University [New York] | Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL) | University of Washington [Seattle] | University of California (UC) | Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU) | USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station ; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA) ; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | University of Liverpool | Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) | The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening | Akita Prefectural University | University of Michigan [Ann Arbor] ; University of Michigan System | University of Alaska [Southeast] (UAS) | Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA) | Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) | DePaul University [Chicago] | USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA) ; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | Utah State University (USU) | New Mexico State University ; New Mexico Consortium (NMC) | Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Colby College | Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis ; Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL) | University of Ljubljana | ANR-18-MPGA-0004,FORBIC,Prévision du changement de la biodiversité(2018)
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. The benefits of masting (volatile, quasi-synchronous seed production at lagged intervals) include satiation of seed predators, but these benefits come with a cost to mutualist pollen and seed dispersers. If the evolution of masting represents a balance between these benefits and costs, we expect mast avoidance in species that are heavily reliant on mutualist dispersers. These effects play out in the context of variable climate and site fertility among species that vary widely in nutrient demand. Meta-analyses of published data have focused on variation at the population scale, thus omitting periodicity within trees and synchronicity between trees. From raw data on 12 million tree-years worldwide, we quantified three components of masting that have not previously been analysed together: (i) volatility, defined as the frequency-weighted year-to-year variation; (ii) periodicity, representing the lag between high-seed years; and (iii) synchronicity, indicating the tree-to-tree correlation. Results show that mast avoidance (low volatility and low synchronicity) by species dependent on mutualist dispersers explains more variation than any other effect. Nutrient-demanding species have low volatility, and species that are most common on nutrient-rich and warm/wet sites exhibit short periods. The prevalence of masting in cold/dry sites coincides with climatic conditions where dependence on vertebrate dispersers is less common than in the wet tropics. Mutualist dispersers neutralize the benefits of masting for predator satiation, further balancing the effects of climate, site fertility and nutrient demands.
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