Medidas preventivas para evitar la pudrición de la vaina (Sarocladium Oryzae) en el cultivo de arroz (Oryza Sativa L.)

This document details preventive measures to avoid sheath rot (Sarocladium Oryzae) in rice cultivation (Oryza Sativa L.), which was prepared through bibliography using many sources, including undergraduate and graduate theses, High-impact scientific articles, magazines, indexed books, websites and research studies from competent authorities. The objectives were to detail the symptoms and damage caused by sheath rot in rice crops and to specify the various preventive measures in the development of the disease. The conclusions showed that the symptoms induced by S. oryzae consist of irregular dark brown lesions that form on the flag leaf sheath, thus preventing panicle emergence and grain filling. Damage caused by the fungus is most damaging when it occurs at the beginning of spike emergence, which can cause yield losses of up to 85%; It is essential to keep fields in clean conditions, free of weeds, to prevent the development of diseases. Furthermore, well-nourished plants are likely to have reduced susceptibility to pathogen attacks and the implementation of preventive products that facilitate the establishment of a protective barrier on the plant to prevent the spread of pathogens. It is advisable to start preventive measures from the seedbed to the heading stage, or control pathogens after evaluation.

This document details preventive measures to avoid sheath rot (Sarocladium Oryzae) in rice cultivation (Oryza Sativa L.), which was prepared through bibliography using many sources, including undergraduate and graduate theses, High-impact scientific articles, magazines, indexed books, websites and research studies from competent authorities. The objectives were to detail the symptoms and damage caused by sheath rot in rice crops and to specify the various preventive measures in the development of the disease. The conclusions showed that the symptoms induced by S. oryzae consist of irregular dark brown lesions that form on the flag leaf sheath, thus preventing panicle emergence and grain filling. Damage caused by the fungus is most damaging when it occurs at the beginning of spike emergence, which can cause yield losses of up to 85%; It is essential to keep fields in clean conditions, free of weeds, to prevent the development of diseases. Furthermore, well-nourished plants are likely to have reduced susceptibility to pathogen attacks and the implementation of preventive products that facilitate the establishment of a protective barrier on the plant to prevent the spread of pathogens. It is advisable to start preventive measures from the seedbed to the heading stage, or control pathogens after evaluation.

El presente documento detalla sobre las medidas preventivas para evitar la pudrición de la vaina (Sarocladium Oryzae) en el cultivo de arroz (Oryza Sativa L.), el cual se elaboró a través de bibliografía utilizando muchas fuentes, incluidas tesis de pregrado y posgrado, artículos científicos de alto impacto, revistas, libros indexados, sitios web y estudios de investigación de autoridades competentes. Los objetivos planteados fueron detallar los síntomas y daños que causa la pudrición de la vaina en el cultivo de arroz y especificar las deferentes medidas preventivas en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Las conclusiones demostraron que los síntomas inducidos por S. oryzae consisten en lesiones irregulares de color marrón oscuro que se forman en la vaina de la hoja bandera, impidiendo así la emergencia de la panícula y el llenado del grano. El daño causado por el hongo es más perjudicial cuando ocurre al inicio de la aparición de las espigas, lo que puede provocar pérdidas de rendimiento de hasta el 85 %; es primordial mantener los campos en condiciones limpias, libres de malezas, para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedades. Además, es probable que las plantas bien nutridas presenten una susceptibilidad reducida a los ataques de patógenos y la implementación de productos preventivos que faciliten el establecimiento de una barrera protectora sobre la planta para impedir la diseminación de patógenos. Es recomendable iniciar medidas preventivas desde el semillero hasta la etapa de espigado, o el control de patógenos previa evaluación.