Manejo agronómico del cultivo de chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill) en el Ecuador

The custard apple is a perennial plant that presents two phenological periods annually: the vegetative and reproductive periods, which makes it possible to carry out correct agronomic management of the crop, to improve the production and quality of this fruit. In this bibliographic research, the information obtained was paraphrased, summarized and analyzed. Based on the above details, it is determined that the agricultural activities involved in the agronomic management of the cherimoya crop are the following: Propagation, soil preparation, sowing, sowing density, irrigation, fertilization, pruning, weed control, pest management and diseases, manual pollination and harvest. To establish cherimoya cultivation in the defined field, it is important to select plants in good vegetative and nutritional status. Weed control in cherimoya cultivation must be done manually, with the use of scythes or machetes and not using herbicides. Cultivating cherimoya for a production of 14 tons per hectare (tn/ha) can extract: Nitrogen (N) 95 kg/ha, Phosphorus (P) 4.6 kg/ha, Potassium (P) 38 kg/ha, Calcium (Ca ) 9 kg/ha, Magnesium (Mg) 7.5 kg/ha. The cultivation of cherimoya requires the following types of pruning for its correct formation, development and fruiting: training pruning, maintenance pruning and fruiting pruning. The edaphoclimatic conditions that favor the production of the crop are: altitude (0 to 2600 meters above sea level), temperature (18 °C – 28 °C), precipitation (800 mm), luminosity (900-1200 hours per year), relative humidity ( >80%) and sandy loam soils with pH 5.5 and 6.

The custard apple is a perennial plant that presents two phenological periods annually: the vegetative and reproductive periods, which makes it possible to carry out correct agronomic management of the crop, to improve the production and quality of this fruit. In this bibliographic research, the information obtained was paraphrased, summarized and analyzed. Based on the above details, it is determined that the agricultural activities involved in the agronomic management of the cherimoya crop are the following: Propagation, soil preparation, sowing, sowing density, irrigation, fertilization, pruning, weed control, pest management and diseases, manual pollination and harvest. To establish cherimoya cultivation in the defined field, it is important to select plants in good vegetative and nutritional status. Weed control in cherimoya cultivation must be done manually, with the use of scythes or machetes and not using herbicides. Cultivating cherimoya for a production of 14 tons per hectare (tn/ha) can extract: Nitrogen (N) 95 kg/ha, Phosphorus (P) 4.6 kg/ha, Potassium (P) 38 kg/ha, Calcium (Ca ) 9 kg/ha, Magnesium (Mg) 7.5 kg/ha. The cultivation of cherimoya requires the following types of pruning for its correct formation, development and fruiting: training pruning, maintenance pruning and fruiting pruning. The edaphoclimatic conditions that favor the production of the crop are: altitude (0 to 2600 meters above sea level), temperature (18 °C – 28 °C), precipitation (800 mm), luminosity (900-1200 hours per year), relative humidity ( >80%) and sandy loam soils with pH 5.5 and 6.

La chirimoya es una planta perenne que presenta anualmente dos periodos fenológicos: el periodo vegetativo y reproductivo, lo que faculta a llevar a cabo un correcto manejo agronómico del cultivo, para mejorar la producción y calidad de esta fruta. En la presente investigación bibliográfica a información obtenida fue parafraseada, resumida y analizada. Por lo anteriormente detallado se determinó que las actividades agrícolas que intervienen en el manejo agronómico del cultivo de chirimoya son las siguientes: Propagación, preparación del suelo, siembra, densidad de siembra, riego, fertilización, podas, control de malezas, manejo de plagas y enfermedades, polinización manual y cosecha. Para el establecimiento del cultivo de chirimoya en el campo definido es importante seleccionar plantas en buen estado vegetativo y nutricional. El control de malezas en el cultivo de chirimoya debe hacerse de manera manual, con el uso de guadañas o machetes y no usar herbicidas. El cultivo de chirimoya para una producción de 14 toneladas por hectárea (tn/ha) puede extraer: Nitrógeno (N) 95 kg/ha, Fosforo (P) 4.6 kg/ha, Potasio (P) 38 kg/ha, Calcio (Ca) 9 kg/ha, Magnesio (Mg) 7.5 kg/ha. El cultivo de chirimoya requiere para su correcta formación, desarrollo y fructificación los siguientes tipos de podas: podas de formación, poda de mantenimiento y poda de fructificación. Las condiciones edafoclimáticas que favorecen la producción del cultivo de son: altitud (0 a 2600 msnm), temperatura (18 °C – 28 °C), precipitación (800 mm), luminosidad (900-1200 horas por año), humedad relativa (>80 %) y suelos francos arenosos con pH 5.5 y 6.