Alternativas de control para mancha marrón (Bipolaris oryzae) en el cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en el Ecuador

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important cereal worldwide. It generates employment for many families, adapts to diverse climatic conditions, and has a high nutritional value. Of the fungal diseases present in rice-growing areas, brown spot, caused by the fungus Bipolaris oryzae, represents a serious threat to the rice sector. This study aims to analyze control alternatives for brown spot in rice cultivation in Ecuador. This study consists of an exploratory research, with a non-experimental and bibliographic-documentary design, since no variables were manipulated. It was based on the collection, analysis, and interpretation of information from high-quality documents that allowed the synthesis, analysis, and summary of the collected information. The relevant topics on control alternatives for brown spot B. oryzae in rice cultivation (Oryza sativa L.) in Ecuador were specified. According to the analysis presented, it was determined that the life cycle of B. oryzae, the pathogen, begins its attack process in rice crops by dispersing its conidia. B. oryzae has a very complex life cycle that extends from sporulation to dispersal and penetration into rice tissues. For this reason, alternative control methods are necessary, such as Trichoderma spp. strains at 0.75 kg/ha, which act as biocontrol agents of the causative agent of this disease. The application of chemical fungicides, such as triazole at 500 cc/ha, azoxystrobin at 0.6 L/ha, and chlorothalonil at 0.8 L/ha (in single groups), has proven effective in critical rice crop situations.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a very important cereal worldwide. It generates employment for many families, adapts to diverse climatic conditions, and has a high nutritional value. Of the fungal diseases present in rice-growing areas, brown spot, caused by the fungus Bipolaris oryzae, represents a serious threat to the rice sector. This study aims to analyze control alternatives for brown spot in rice cultivation in Ecuador. This study consists of an exploratory research, with a non-experimental and bibliographic-documentary design, since no variables were manipulated. It was based on the collection, analysis, and interpretation of information from high-quality documents that allowed the synthesis, analysis, and summary of the collected information. The relevant topics on control alternatives for brown spot B. oryzae in rice cultivation (Oryza sativa L.) in Ecuador were specified. According to the analysis presented, it was determined that the life cycle of B. oryzae, the pathogen, begins its attack process in rice crops by dispersing its conidia. B. oryzae has a very complex life cycle that extends from sporulation to dispersal and penetration into rice tissues. For this reason, alternative control methods are necessary, such as Trichoderma spp. strains at 0.75 kg/ha, which act as biocontrol agents of the causative agent of this disease. The application of chemical fungicides, such as triazole at 500 cc/ha, azoxystrobin at 0.6 L/ha, and chlorothalonil at 0.8 L/ha (in single groups), has proven effective in critical rice crop situations.

El arroz (Oryza sativa L.) es un cereal muy importancia a nivel mundial, genera empleo a muchas familias, se adapta a diversas condiciones climáticas, tiene un elevado valor nutricional. De las enfermedades fúngicas presentes en las zonas arroceras, la mancha marrón, causada por el hongo Bipolaris oryzae, representa una grave amenaza para el sector arrocero. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las alternativas de control para mancha marrón en el cultivo de arroz en el Ecuador. Este estudio consta de una investigación de tipo exploratoria, con un diseño no experimental y bibliográfico-documental, ya que no se manipularon variables y se basó en la recopilación, análisis e interpretación de información proveniente de documentos de alto que permitieron la síntesis, análisis y resumen de la información recopilada. Se especifico la temática relevante sobre las alternativas de control para mancha marrón B. oryzae en el cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en el Ecuador. De acuerdo al análisis presentado, se determinó que el ciclo de vida de B. oryzae, el patógeno inicia su proceso de ataque en el cultivo de arroz mediante la dispersión de sus conidios. B. oryzae posee un ciclo de vida muy complejo desde la esporulación, la dispersión y la penetración en los tejidos del arroz. Por esta razón, se debe recurrir alternativas de control, como cepas de Trichoderma spp 0,75 kg/ha actúa como un biocontrolador del agente causal de esta enfermedad. La aplicación de fungicidas químicos, como el triazol 500 cc/ha, azoxistrobina en dosis de 0,6 l/ha y el clorotalonil en dosis 0.8 L/ha grupos únicos, que ha resultado eficaz en situaciones críticas del cultivo de arroz