In vitro EVALUATION OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF MYCELIUM, BASIDIOMATA AND SPENT SUBSTRATE OF Pleurotus ostreatus AGAINST Haemonchus contortus | EVALUACIÓN in vitro DE EXTRACTOS HIDROALCOHÓLICOS DE MICELIO, BASIDIOMATA Y SUSTRATO DEGRADADO DE Pleurotus ostreatus CONTRA Haemonchus contortus

English. Background. The edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is a potential alternative for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes due to their nematoxins and secondary metabolites. Objective. To evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of mycelium, basidiomata and spent substrate of the edible mushroom P. ostreatus against eggs and unsheathed larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Methodology. The mycelium of P. ostreatus was extracted with ethanol–water (70:30) and the basidiomata and the spent substrate with methanol–water (70:30) which were concentrated to obtain the mycelium (MHA), basidiomata (BHA) and spent mushroom substrate extract (SMSE) extracts. The eggs and larvae of H. contortus were exposed to different extracts in 96-well plates. The tests used were the egg-hatch and larval mortality tests. Three exposure times, 24, 48 and 72 h, were considered. The data were analyzed with a factorial design and the comparison of means by Duncan test. Results. The percentage anthelmintic effectiveness of the mycelium hydroalcoholic extract (MHA) of P. ostreatus against eggs and larvae of H. contortus were 93 and 96.8% at 12.8 and 240 mg/mL (respectively) after 72 h. Also, activity was observed for SMSE and BHA against eggs, with values of 87.2 and 100%, respectively, at 25.6 mg/mL after 72 h. However, SMSE showed no activity against H. contortus larvae, while the BHA extract showed less than 70% corresponding activity. Implications. This was an exploratory study of in vitro tests; the in vivo studies are still needed. Conclusion. The MHA extract of P. ostreatus showed anthelmintic activity against the eggs and larvae of H. contortus.

Spanish; Castilian. Antecedentes. El hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus es una alternativa potencial para el control de los nematodos gastrointestinales debido a sus nematoxinas y metabolitos secundarios. Objetivo. Evaluar la actividad antihelmíntica in vitro de los extractos hidroalcohólicos de micelio, basidiomata y sustrato degradado de los hongos comestibles P. ostreatus, contra huevos y larvas sin vaina de Haemonchus contortus. Metodología. El micelio de P. ostreatus se extrajo con etanol: agua (70:30) y por otro lado los basidiomas y el sustrato degradado con metanol: agua (70:30, los cuales se concentraron para obtener los extractos MHA, BHA y SMSE respectivamente. Los huevos y larvas de H. contortus fueron expuestos a diferentes extractos en placas de 96 pozos. Se consideraron tres tiempos de lectura 24, 48 y 72 h. Los datos fueron analizados con un diseño factorial y la comparación de medias con la prueba Duncan. Resultados. Los resultados del porcentaje de eficacia antihelmíntica del extracto hidroalcohólico de micelio (MHA) de P. ostreatus contra los huevos y larvas de H. contortus fueron de 93 y 96.8% a 12.8 mg/mL y 240 mg/mL a 72 h (respectivamente). También se observó una actividad del extracto de sustrato degradado (SMSE) y del extracto de basidiomata (BHA) contra los huevos con un valor de 87.2 y 100 % a 25.6 mg/mL a las 72 horas. Sin embargo, el SMSE no mostró actividad contra larvas de H. contortus. Mientras que el extracto BHA mostró menos del 70% de actividad para las larvas de H. contortus. Implicaciones. Las pruebas evaluadas siguen siendo estudios in vitro, falta realizar estudios in vivo. Conclusión. El extracto de MHA de P. ostreatus mostró actividad antihelmíntica contra los huevos y larvas de H. contortus.