Appraising the Monthly Variation in Physicochemical Characteristics of Effluent Discharge from Abia Shoprite and Its Influence on Environmental Media
2024
Abaraogu, U.N. | Ikechukwu, I.P. | Egesi, O.C. | Ogbonna, P.C.
Appraising effluent characteristics is crucial to maintaining the integrity of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Representative samples of water, soil, and sediment were abstracted from Abia Shoprite during the wet season (August, September, and October) and dry season (November, December, and January). Effluent water samples, taken from three discharge points during wet and dry seasons, were analyzed for physicochemical parameters while sediment and soil samples were analyzed for chemical properties using standard methods. The highest values obtained in effluent water during the wet and the dry seasons were 8.20±0.10 and 6.70±0.17 for pH, 66.77±2.45 and 38.00±2.19 μS/cm for EC, 1.82±0.01 and 3.03±0.15 mg/L for DO, 193.00±2.00 and 162.67±0.58 mg/L for BOD, 241.67±1.53 and 190.67±1.53 mg/L for COD, 90.87±1.63 and 80.17±0.12 mg/L for TDS, 72.70±2.21 and 51.17±0.45 mg/L for TSS, 18.90±0.36 and 13.17±0.90 mg/L for total alkalinity, 5.10±0.10 and 2.90±0.20 mg/L for total hardness, 4.77±0.15 and 1.77±0.15 NTU for Turbidity, and 29.23±0.15 and 31.60±0.20 °C for Temperature during October. Similarly, maximum pH values (7.13±0.21 and 7.20±0.26), organic carbon (0.10±0.01 and 0.25±0.03 %), organic matter (0.17±0.02 and 0.43±0.04 %), and electrical conductivity (37.67±1.53 and 50.00±1.00 µs/cm) were recorded in October for sediment and soil. A very strong positive relationship exists between physicochemical parameters in the wet and dry seasons. Indeed, the values of Temperature, BOD, and COD in effluent water reached unsuitable quality limits according to FAO/WHO standards. It is recommended that regular assessment of effluent release from Abia Shoprite should be carried out to protect the ecosystems.
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