[Contribution to the investigation of the influence of fertilization on the yield and quality of cultivated camomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in the region of northern Banat [Yugoslavia, stimulant plants and crops]]
1984
Krstic-Pavlovic, N. | Dzamic, R. (Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd (Yugoslavia). Institut za hortikulturu)
This paper investigates the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield of flower heads and the essential oil content of the camomile. The experiment was established at the area of Podej in Banat (SFRY) in 2 localities. The yield of camomile flower heads in the 1st harvest was 320-350 kg/ha of raw mass and 80-110 kg of dry mass. The highest yield was achieved using NPK 60:30:30 and NPK 40:20:20. The yield in the 2nd harvest was much higher, varying from 800-1,850 kg/ha of raw plant mass and 150-370 kg/ha of dry plant mass. The total yield of camomile flower heads was 4,100 kg/ha of fresh, i.e. 900 kg/ha of dry plant raw material (NPK 60:30:30). Essential oil quantity in camomile flower heads was 0.15-0.33% in the 1st harvest, in the 2nd one it was 0.15-0.46% and in the 3 rd one 0.02-0.36. The largest oil quantity per 1 ha was obtained using NPK 60:30:30 and NPK 40:20:20 fertilizers. The maximum essential oil percentage was noted in the 2nd and the smallest in the 3rd harvest. Water content in the 1st harvest was 10.00-12.62%, in the 2nd one 10.80-12.97% and in the 3rd one 10.32-11.45%. The quantity of mineral matters in the flower heads in the 1st harvest was 8.25-9.02%, in the 2nd one 8.52-9.62% and in the 3rd one 8.07-9.25%. The smallest quantity of mineral matters in all 3 harvest times was with using NPK 60:30:30 fertilizer. Nitrogen percentage in the camomile flower heads varied from 2.33-2.87%. The phosphorus content was the largest in the control -- 1.41% P2P5 and the smallest was with NK 60:30 fertilizer-1.12% P2O5. The potassium quantity varied from 2.48% K2O with NK 60:30 fertilizer, to 3.15% in the control.
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