Historical overview of integrated pest management [USA]
1987
Apple, J.L.
A comprehensive historical overview of international integrated pest management (IPM) programs is far beyond the time limits of this presentation; consequently, it is highly selective treatment that reflects the characteristics and origins of IPM in the United States and internationally. Since there is not a common concept or definition of IPM that is accepted by all crop protection scientists, this paper presents the author's concept of the agroecosystem and of the principles inherent in the IPM concept as a means of establishing a common basis for communication. Implementation experiences important to the verification and acceptance of the IPM concept are presented with examples from the developed and developing countries. The applicability of the IPM concept to the production efficiency of agriculture in developing nations is also discussed.
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