[Morphological and chemical study of different galls produced by gall wasps on oak trees in northern Iraq]
1988
Mohammad, A.K.M. | Amin, A.H. | Al-Hamadami, R. | Ahmad, B.A.
Oak tree galls caused by cynipid wasps are used in Iraq as a source for tannin in animal skin tanning industry. Tannic acid has been estimated in galls produced by various kinds of gall wasps. The percentages of tannic acid in the gall produced by cynipid wasps, Andricus gallaetinctoria Ol., Andricus hartigi Hart., Andiricus insana Mayr, and Aphelonyx cerricola Gir. (Cynipidae, Hymenoptera), were 68, 56, 46 and 54%, respectively. The chemical analysis showed that the tannin content in mature yellow afus galls was higher (68%) than the immature green afus galls (52%). The percentages of tannic acid in mature and immature afus galls in Swaratuka region were 68 and 55%, Rawandoz region 64 and 52% and Salah Al-Deen region 54 and 44%
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