[Introduction and evaluation of new sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.)]
1992
Rojas C, Gonzalo Arturo
Sunflower crop in Chile has shown wide changes in planted areas during the latest seasons, mainly due to the low price because of the fluctuations in the international market of edible oils during this period. The situation led to study 23 new experimental sunflower late and semi-late hybrids in order to improve both seed yield and oil content to make this crop more profitable. The experimental hybrids were tested with four commercial hybrids in Chile. The parameters measured in this study were seed yield, yield components, oil content, seed moisture and phenological stages. The test was established on October 5, 1991, using a completely randomized block design with four replications. The best seed yields were obtained with hybrids 15, 4, 1 and 18 with 5,242, 7,482, 4,621 and 4.579 kg/ha, respectively. The four checks used showed an average seed yield of 3.300 kg/ha. The hybrids with higher oil content were treatments 2, 4, 23 and 8 with 56,5; 55,6; 55,4 and 55,2%, respectively. The four checks showed an average of 53.4%. The best oil yields were 2,661, 2,575 and 2,468 kg/ha which were obtained by hybrids 2, 15 and 23, respectively, whereas the check hybrids had an average of 1,764 kg/ha. The latest hybrid was number 10 with 137 days from planting to physiological maturity and with a growth degree unit (GDU) of 1.408. The earliest one was hybrid 15 with 124 days and 1,252 GDU. No significant correlations between seed yield and its components nor with the development stages were observed. As a conclusion, it is recommended that hybrids 4, 15 and 23 be studied again during the next season to determine their future possibilities for commercial production in Chile
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