Histopathological study of the lesions in the rabbit brain caused by toxical doses of phenytoin
1988
Lekkas, S. | Kanakoudis, G. | Pegios, G. | Tsagkaris, Th. | Vlemmas, I. (Aristotelion Univ., Thessaloniki (Greece). Faculty of Veterinary Studies)
In this study 32 white New Zealand rabbits were examined to establish toxic effects of phenytoin in their brain in relation to the concentration of the drug in blood serum of experimental animals. The measurements to determine the toxic levels of phenytoin were performed using RIA method. The rabbits were divided into three groups A, B, and C and phenytoin was intramuscularly injected in groups A and B in dose of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively, while in group C the drug was given intraperitoneally at 250 mg/kg body weight. In all rabbits phenytoin was given daily and for a period of 20 days. The lesions were characterized by the presence of perivascular and pericellular oedema as well as perivascular infiltrations, mainly consisted of neuroglial cells, and by focal glioses. Also neurons necrosis in the quadrigeminum and medulla oblongata, the cortex of hemispheres and of the cerebellum were observed. We also observed degeneration and necrosis of Purkinje cells of cerebellum. Demyelination of nerve fibers was a constant finding in hemispheres and in cerebellum. We also found neuronophagy and infiltration of hyparachoid space with lymphocytes and plasmacytes
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