Greenhouse and tissue culture selection of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) for glyphosate tolerance
1990
Tosapon Pornprom
8420-3, 8420-7 and 8419-2 breeding lines; Doi Kham and S.J.5 cultivars were highly tolerant; 8418-4, 8412-5, 8412-10 and 8421-17 breeding lines were moderately tolerant; Chiang Mai 60 and OCB (NAKORNSAWAN 1) cultivars 8421-4 and 8417-25 breeding lines were moderately susceptible and 8421-15, 8421-8, 8421-2, 8416-7, 8415-24 and 8409-9 breeding lines and S.J.4 cultivar were most susceptible to glyphosate, respectively. Glyphosate applied at the rate of 0.125 and 0.250 kg of active ingredient per hectare had no distinctive effects on visual injury, height and dry weight. But at higher rate, 0.500 kg had effect on such aspects. Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2 and 4 mg/l 2,4-D gave highest amount of callus in shoot and hypocotyl; S.J.4, S.J.5, OCB and Doi Kham cultivars whereas 8 and 10 mg/l of 2,4-D induced the highest amount of compact callus at the base and the tip of cotyledons. Number of cells in MS liquid medium lacking of glyphosate was highest and decreased when concentration of agent was increased. Minimal number of cell suspension survived under selective condition was observed in medium containing 10** (-2) M glyphosate. Doi Kham and S.J.5 cultivars had the highest average number of cell suspension and number decreased from 8416-7 and 8418-4 breeding lines; Chiang Mai 60 and S.J.4 cultivars. Soybean cells from all 6 cultivars died when cultured in 10** (-1) M glyphosate. Soybean cultivars with high tolerance to glyphosate were Doi Kham and S.J.5 cultivars whereas moderately tolerant cultivars were 8416-7 and 8418-4 breeding lines and the most susceptible cultivars were Chiang Mai 60 and S.J.4.
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