Use of billing's method in optimizing the time periods to spot infections of Erwinia amylovora in Hungarian orchards
1996
Kovacs, N.A. | Nemeth, J. (Baranya Megyei Novenyegeszsegugyi es Talajvedelmi Allomas, Pecs (Hungary). Bakteriologiai laboratorium) | Bujtas, G. | Bodor, L. (Bacs-Kiskun Megyei Novenyegeszsegugyi es Talajvedelmi Allomas, Kecskemet (Hungary)) | Gaspar, I. (Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg Megyei Novenyegeszsegugyi es Talajvedelmi All., Nyiregyhaza (Hungary))
Erwinia amylovora, a pathogen causing considerable economic damages in pomaceous fruit trees and ornamentals (Drying-off of shoots and branches) has appeared by the end of 1990s in nearly all countries neighbouring to Hungary (Smith et al. 1992). Also this fact justified the attention that was displayed by the plant protection authorities who followed the spread of pathogen and disease symptoms. Imported propagating materials were examined for latent infections with outmost care and all precautionary measures have been worked out for the appearance of the pathogen in Hungary. By drawing in some county Stations of Plant Hygiene and Soil Protection into the observation network the testing of the outstanding method of Billing was initiated in some potentially endangered orchards. By this method the optimal survey periods and dates can be forecasted in which the presence of the pathogen can be positively established, enabling thus the authorities to carry out necessary steps to localize and exterminate the disease. It is a further advantage of the Billing's method that its demands on tools and materials are minimal and the study can be carried out even by the producer himself. The survey described in present paper gave opportunity for county officials and producers to get acquainted closely with the problem of Erwinia
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