Changes in resource allocation, ritual observance and family solidarity among selected Kalinga [Philippines] farmers
1996
Solang-oy, S.S.
Majority of the respondents and husbands were farmers and had completed elementary education. The average income for all households was P53,612.00. However, majority fall below the poverty threshold level. Many of the respondents reported a high frequency of visit to rural and urban areas for the year 1995-1996. About 44 percent spent 1 to 5 years in a rural or urban area or in Dagupan [Philippines]. Seventy-four percent were categorized with the "very strong" degree of family solidarity. The Spearman correlation coefficient test revealed significant relationships between: a) resources in terms of time and amount of income allocated for ritual observance and socio-demographic characteristics such as age, educational attainment and income: b) number of life cycle rituals observed and degree of family solidarity; and c) degree of family solidarity and age and income of respondents. A decreasing trend in resource allocation for ritual observance was noted with increased educational attainment, years spent in urban area and community population and with decreased income. Some life cycle rituals found conformity with current Christian belief and practices such as bunyag, gopas, kasal and bagongon [baptism, wedding ceremony of live-in partners; marriage, funeral]. Stable degree of family solidarity tended to be weakened by decreasing family interactions as a result of deminishing ritual observance
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