Natural hazards of the ground surface in the Tatra Biosphere Reserve [Slovakia]
1995
Midriak, R. (Technicka Univ., Zvolen (Slovakia). Fakulta Ekologie a Environmentalistiky)
In the Tatra Biosphere Reserve the surface is threatened by water erosion as well as by snow avalanches and debris flows, and to some degree also by other mass movements particularly due to powerful relief energy. By catastrophic erosion due to surface runoff, 0.6 %, and by very strong erosion, 73.6 % of the area of both the core and buffer zones of the reserve are threatened. The average rate there of potential soil losses is up to 8.09 mm per annum. Snow avalanches affect areas ranging between altitudes from 1,300 to 2,600 m a.s.l. and amounting to 8,557 ha. The number of avalanche tracks is 1,042 (29.7 % are avalanches which have occurred very often and 33 % are regularly occurring). Nearly 49 % of all avalanche tracks run down into a montane belt. In the Tatra Mts 830 tracks of debris flows (with enormous destructive power) have occurred. The length of 51 % of the tracks amounts to 500-1000 m. A trigger-point of 65 % debris flows is situated above 1,900 m a.s.l. whereby the flows run down to, and to some degree to below, 1,400 m a.s.l.
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