[Apple root rot and crown rot] | Pudricion radical y de la corona del manzano
1997
Latorre A, Bernardo | Rioja, M.E. (Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago (Chile). Fac. de Agronomia) | Wilcox, W.F.
At present over 31,000 ha of apple (Malus X domestica) are cultivated with an annual production of about 880,000 tons, mainly on seedlings rootstocks which are considered less susceptible to Phytophthora root rot and crown rot than clonal rootstocks. However, clonal rootstocks (e.g. MM 106) have become increasingly important and consequently Phytophthora root rot and crown rots may become a major problem for the apple industry. Several Phytophthora spp have been have been associated with this syndrome world wide, but only P. Cactorum and P. Cryptogea have been identified from diseased apple trees in Chile. These species plus P. Gonapodyides and P. Megasperma were identified from soil samples taken from the rizosphere of deseased trees. All isolates were pathogenic on MM 106 rootstock but P. cactorum was the most virulent species. Phytophthora spp. were detected serologically, directely from tissue and irrigation water using an ELISA kit for the identification of Phytophthora (Sigma Chemical co). lsolation of P. cactorum on semiselective media was difficult, possibly due to inhibitory effects of antibiotics (e.g pimaricin) or fungicides (e.g. benomyl, hymexazol) to P. Cactorum. Based on rot development under controlled conditions, rootstock susceptibility to P. cactorum (Chilean isolates) varied from relatively resistant (M9-T337, Budagosvsky 9, seedling rootstocks) to relatively susceptible (MM111, Pojam 2, M26). Bud 118, Bud 490, M7, M25, M27, and Polish 18 were moderately susceptible
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