Experience with drought management policies in WANA
1997
El-Mourid, M. (Aridoculture Cente INRA, Settat (Morocco)) | Moussaoui, M.
WANA region is characterized by highly erratic and deficient rainfall creating severe water shortages. This is aggravated by the variability of soil and farming systems. Human pressure on land and water has led to vulnerable and fragile agroecosystems. Droughts are of high occurrence and human activities have worsen their consequences on crop, livestock and people. WANA region is facing serious food and feed deficits in the beginning of the 21st century. Drought, the man's worst natural enemy, is defined as supply and demand and four types are described: meteorological, agricultural, hydrologic and socioeconomic. In the last 20 years most countries of WANA have implemented drought management instruments that concern mainly emergency relief programs. These programs consist of purchase of concentrate feed, imports of food and feed grains, livestock watering, rural drinking water and credit debt relief. These actions are often considered as a response to drought through crisis management but do not provide the basis of long term strategic plan for managing future droughts in a risk management manner. Cases of policy developed in WANA regions are reviewed and their impacts are assessed. Finally, suggestions are made in order to develop a long term action plan.
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