MCFA [medium-chain fatty acid] enrichment of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) by low-temperature fractionation
1997
Pholsongkram, K.
Liquid fractions from stepwise low-temperature fractionation (Method 1) increased concentration of caprylic and capric acids up to 15.1 percent and 11.5 percent, respectively, in liquid fraction while in solid fractions, lauric acid increased. For Method 2, amount of lauric, myristic and palmitic acids also increased. In liquid fractions, the amount of caprylic and capric acids were not significantly different from liquid fractions from coconut oil. Solvent extraction fractionation of coconut fatty acids used 90 percent ethanol as polar solvent and petroleum ether as nonpolar solvent yielding increased lauric acid to 52.5 percent in fraction CU and capric acid to 11.4 percent in fraction AL. Likewise, fractional distillation can be done to separate fatty acids in groups but not individually and dependent on fractions. Findings of the present experiment showed that: the reaction between fatty acids with 1, 2-isopropylidene glycerol used in the preparation of 1-monoacylglycerols may be completed at about 24 hours; HPLC chromatogram showed four different forms of 1-monoacylglycerols with 1-monolaurin and 1-monomyristin amounting to about 7 percent and 10 percent, respectively. HLB [Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance] value of monoacylglycerols is 3.2, showing that it can be a suitable water-oil emulsion stabilizers. The study confirmed that direct esterification between fatty acids and glycerol was feasible to use in the preparation of triacylglycerols at 180 deg C, reaction time of 6 hours and 0.5 percent sodium hydroxide as catalyst. There are a number of triacylglycerols produced by the use of fatty acids obtained from stepwise low-temperature fractionation and can attain 62 percent yield of purified triacylglycerols. The fatty acids obtained from fractional distillation were used as reactants to give different types of triacylglycerols with tricaprylin, tricaprin and trilaurin yielding 11.3 percent, 19.0 percent and 5.8 percent, respectively
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