Entomopathogenic nematodes as bioinsecticides against foliar pests of field crops: what are the key factors for successful application
1997
Wright, D.J. | Mason, J.M. (Imperial college of Science Technology and Medicine, Berkshire (UK). Dept. of Biology)
The use of the infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents has been restricted largely to soil insects although some success has been reported for aboveground pests with cryptic habits. Against foliar pests, temperature, solar (ultra violet) radiation and relative humidity are generally considered to be the main limiting factors for the efficacy of such nematodes. Here, we propose that greater emphasis should be placed on (a) the selection of nematode species/isolates which are adapted to local temperatures and have a high level of efficacy against the target pest, (b) the development of low volume spray application technology to optimise the cost-effectiveness of foliar treatments, and (c) the timing of spray applications to reduce as far as possible the effects of abiotic factors such as temperature and solar radiation. Under these circumstances, commercially viable control of some foliar pests may be attainable, at least in areas of high relative humidity. Recent work has suggested that considerable improvements in spray application technology for entomopathogenic nematodes are possible and current studies aimed at optimising the use of spinning disc spraying systems are outlined.
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