Methodical directions for evaluation of area load
1997
Izakovicova, Z. (Slovenska Akademia Vied, Bratislava (Slovak Republic). Ustav Krajinnej Ekologie)
The aim of paper is elaboration of methodological directions for area load by social and economic activities of stress factor character - primary and secondary stress factors. Primary stress factors are presented by a territorial physical occupation and alteration of natural ecosystem. The group includes some semi-natural and artificial anthropogenic elements (industrial and agricultural facilities, transport lines, areas of intensive farming and forestry, housing and recreational areas). All of these primary stress factors can be specified according to the occupated area. Their positions in landscape cause changes of land-use and landscape structure and prevent living organisms from migration. Secondary stress factors represent negative effects caused by human activities that can not be strictly specified according to the area of their influence. This group includes pollutants and wastes, radioactivity, noise, degradation processes. Secondary stress factors disturb and endanger the evolution of natural ecosystems. Methodical direction for evaluation area load is follow: A)Evaluation of area load by primary stress factors expressed by synthetic indicator of coefficient of land-structure, reflecting areal ratio of individual landscape elements and their landscape ecological signification. The indicator expresses degree of anthropogenous change of land. B) Evaluation of area load by secondary stress factors, leading to determination of hierarchical structure of area load - determination of type and degree of area load and it results in proposal of ecologically optimum land-use with regard to current load-proposal of revitalization of overload areas, proposal of ecologically carrying utilization of midle and weak loaded areas
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