Effects of seasonal variation on physiological parameters and yield of soybeans in North-East Thailand
1995
Chaorai Kanchanomai
Study which has been conducted involved three soybean cultivars, S.K.1, S.J.4 and Leichhardt grown under two irrigation schemes, ample and limited irrigation supply, also under two plant population treatments, 200,000 and 400,000 plant/ha. The experiments were conducted three times in the early rainy, late rainy and dry seasons at Khon Kaen province of Thailand. Growth and development of soybean depended mainly on phenological characteristics. Daylength and temperature influenced days to flower and maturity, which subsequently affected plant size, total dry matter and leaf area index (LAI). Apparently, higher plant population increases total dry matter yield and LAI particularly those plants grown in the dry season where plant sizes were normally small due to insufficient moisture supply and shorter photoperiod. Based on physiological analysis of yield constraints, plant density had shown to be the most important factor for yield increases at Khon Kaen. Plant density affected soybean yield components, efficiency of energy conversion (Ec), days to maturity, percentage of light transmission into the canopy and also photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Sowing dates was found to be the second most important yield constraint while irrigation supplies and cultivars were ranged third and the least among the four factors used in this study. While the crop total dry matter and seed yield per plant can be limited due to genetic make up of the cultivar and also the environment of the season in which soybeans are grown, yield of soybean can be further increased by using high plant population density.
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