New Kasetsart inbred line of corn: Ki45
1996
Chokechai Aekatasanawan | Sansern Jampatong | Chamaiporn Aekatasanawan (Kasetsart Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Inseechandrastitya Inst. for Crops Research and Development. National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Nakhon Ratchasima)
Improvement of commercial inbreds for better agronomic characters is an important step of hybrid corn breeding. The objective of this research was to improve Ki 21 (Kasetsart inbred line 21) for better agronomic traits. Ki 21 was improved by crossing with Tzi 15 from IITA, Nigeria in the 1988 dry season at the National Corn and Sorghum Research Center. Two selfings and one backcrossing by using Ki 21 as male were made. During line development by ear-to-row selection, three selfings were successful in screening for downy mildew resistance in the artificial blocks. Selected lines of [(Ki21 x Tzi15)-S2 x Ki21]-S5 were testcrossed with Ki 32 and KSX 2903, and testcrosses were evaluated at Nationnal Corn and Sorghum Research Center in the 1992 early and late rainy seasons. Results showed that average yields over both testers were in the range of 6,382-8,293 kg/ha and higher than Suwan 3101 (a hybrid check) by-1 to 29 percent. Six high combiners for grain yield were selected to testcross with four inbred testers (Ki32, Ki36, Ki43 and Ki44) and testcrosses were evaluated at National Corn and Sorghum Research Center and the Nakhon Sawan Field Crops Research Center in the 1992 early rainy season. [(Ki21 x Tzi15)-S2 x Ki21]-S6-36-2-2 gave the highest general combining ability effects (670.93 kg/ha)(P=0.01) and higher than that of Ki21 (P=0.01). Results from S7 lines evaluation at National Corn and Sorghum Research Center in the 1993 early rainy season showed that [(Ki21 x Tzi15)-S2 x Ki21]-S7-36-2-2-2 or Kei9304 gave the highest grain yield (5,298 kg/ha) and significantly higher than that of Ki21 by 116 percent (P=0.01). Moreover, Kei 9304 had some agronomic traits better than those of Ki21 (P=0.01), i.e., earlier 50 percent days to silking, shorter ear height, and better plant and ear aspects. The National Corn and Sorghum Research Center released Kei 9304 in the name of Ki 45 in 1995.
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