Evaluation of intergeneric hybrids triticum aestivum cv. Ilona with Agropyron crystatum (L.) Gaertn. in F1, F2 and BC1 generation
1999
Sudyova, V. | Slikova, S. | Gregorova, E.
The aim of our work was to obtain intergeneric hybrids after crossing hexaploid winter wheat cv. Ilona (2n=6x=42) and tetraploid wild species Agropyron cristatum (2n=4x=28). Seedlings F1 and BC1 were developed from dissected immature embryos subsequently cultured to artificial medium. Some quantitative characteristics such as number of tillers, ear length, and grains number per ear on F1, F2 and BC1 plants were evaluated. The somatic chromosomes were counted in root-tip cells from F1 and BC1 and meiotic analyses were made in pollen mother cells (PMCs) from BC1 plants. We obtained only one F1 plant from the cultured embryos and this grew into maturity. This plant had four tillers, two of them were sterile. Average length of ears was 76 mm. Twelve dwarf shrivelled grains were formed. The plant was annual, morphologically intermediate between Agropyron and wheat. We observed pentaploid number of chromosomes (2n=35) in root-tip cells and electrophoretic profiles of seed gliadins confirmed the hybrids of F, generation. The complete profile of densitometric gliadins records showed changes in area of gamma and omega gliadins. These arose by addition of storage protein fractions from Agropyron cristatum. We evaluated six individual plants in F2. These had 3.5 tillers per plant in average. Ears achieved length from 48 mm to 58 mm with average number of 5.3 grains per ear. We excised 9 immature embryos after backcrossing, 6 of which germinated in vitro. Plants developed from 4 to 10 tillers with ear length of 71 mm - 75 mm. There were differences between plants in grain number per ear, which were connected with male pollen fertility. The highest number of grains (27) was in the plant with the pollen fertility of 78.3% and pollen germination in vitro of 71.0%. The lowest male pollen fertility was 65.1% and we obtained 11 grains in an ear. Plants BC1 had the somatic chromosome number from 39 to 41. Analyses from PMCs showed presence 5 to 7 univalents. At first anaphase (AI) bridges and lagging chromosomes were observed. These meiotic irregulaties had influence on male pollen fertility and production of grains from BC1 plants
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