Control of plant parasitic nematodes with Compositae plant extracts
1992
Suebsak Sontirat | Vilai Santisopasri | Anucha Thirawudhikorn (Kasetsart Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Agriculture. Dept. of Plant Pathology)
Toxicity test of ethanol extracts of 17 plant species on 4 kinds of plant parasitic nematodes and 1 species of free-living nematode. Extracts of Azadirachta indica, Carthamus tinctorius and Cymbopogon sp. were able to inhibit nematode motality in the immersion test. At concentration of 1:10, Carthamus tinctorius was more toxic to the nematodes than Azadirachta indica and Cymbopogon sp. Efficiency test of water extracts in controlling root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) was conducted in screenhouse. Concentration of 1:1 was more toxic to nematodes than 1:10 in every treatment. Extracts of R. communis, Q. amasa, M. azedarach and Eucalyptus sp. at a 1:1 concentration and 24 hour immersion test were more effective than at 12 hours. At 24 hour immersion test were more effective than at 12 hours. At 24 hour, A. indica, R. communis, M. azedarach, T. patula and Eucalyptus sp. caused gall rates between 0.8-2.0, both at 12 and 24 hours while the control treatments of both concentrations gave rise to gall rates at 4.0-3.6, respectively. Comparison of the efficacy of Tinospora crispa and Tinospora cordifolia extracted with hexane, chloroform and ethanol and water extract of E. odoratum on root-knot nematodes revealed that at 1:1 concentration, both at 12 and 24 hours, ethanol extract of T. crispa and water extract of E. odoratum were toxic to the nematodes, with gall rates 0.2-1.4. Hexane chloroform extracts of plants were not water soluble. Root exudates of T. patula and E. odoratum at 100 percent concentration were toxic to root-knot nematodes, giving gall rating at 0.4 but at 50 percent and 10 percent, there were no effects when compared with control treatment. Drenching root-knot nematode infested rhizosphere soil with the ethanol extracts of A. indica, E. odoratum and Eucalyptus sp. was highly effective in controlling the nematode pests at 1:1 concentration, with gall rates. 0.2-0.4. At 1:10 concentration, the gall rating was not different from control treatment.
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