Improving the resistance of ginger to bacterial wilt disease through the radiation of in vitro culture

English. The study was conducted in Bogor from 1994 to 1997. The objective was to evaluate the effect of radiation on the variability of resistance of in vitro culture and to select resistant clones to bacterial wilt disease caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. The study was carried out in two steps, i.e. generating population and selection for resistance. The populations were generated as follows: The one year old in vitro culture (sub cultured every two months) was radiated with 1 krad. The radiated culture was multiplied (sub cultured), to make 100 bottles of culture. Two months after the last sub cultured, the plantlets were acclimatized in the glass house for two months and then were planted in plastic pots containing sterile soil, to produce rhizomes. The process was repeated in two planting seasons, and in 1996 two population of rhizomes from tissue culture were obtained. Conventional rhizomes were also prepared as a control. The three populations were planted in polybags containing sterile media. After two months, the plants of the three populations were respectively divided into two gropus. The first group was inoculated with P. solanacearum and the second group was planted in the field. The results revealed that plants derived from tissue culture of the first generation had the highest coefficient of variability, while that from conventional rhizomes had the lowest coefficient of variability, either in growth or yield components or in the resistance to bacterial disease. Fourteen clones were identified as resistant to bacterial wilt: eight clones from tissue culture of the generation, three clones from that of the second generation and three clones from conventional rhizome

Indonesian. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bogor dari tahun 1994/1997, bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh radiasi terhadap peningkatan ragam ketahanan dan mendapatkan klon jahe tahan terhadap penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh Pseudomonas solanacearum. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu pembentukan populasi dan seleksi. Pembentukan populasi dilakukan sebagai berikut: Kultur jaringan jahe yang berumur +- 1 tahun (disubkultur setiap dua bulan) diradiasi dengan dosis radiasi 1 krad. Kultur yang telah diradiasi kemudian diperbanyak (sub kultur) hingga menjadi 100 botol kultur. Setelah kultur berumur dua bulan plantlet diaklimatisasikan di rumah kaca selama dua bulan, kemudian ditanam dalam pot plastik dengan media tumbuh steril, sampai membentuk rimpang. Pekerjaan ini diulang selama dua musim tanam, sehingga pada awal tahun 1996 diperoleh dua populasi bibit, yaitu rimpang generasi pertama, dan rimpang generasi kedua. Selain itu disediakan pula rimpang konvensional tanpa radiasi sebagai kontrol. Ketiga populasi tersebut ditanam dalam polibag dengan media steril. Setelah berumur dua bulan, bibit dari ketiga populasi tersebut dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama diinokulasi di rumah kaca dan kelompok kedua ditanam di lapangan. Rancangan yang digunakan di rumah kaca adalah rancangan acak lengkap lima ulangan dan di lapangan bersifat observasi (tanpa ulangan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien keragaman tertinggi untuk komponen pertumbuhan dan produksi terjadi pada tanaman asal kultur jaringan generasi pertama, dan yang terendah terjadi pada rimpang konvensional. Sedangkan untuk ragam ketahanan terhadap penyakit, adalah tanaman hasil kultur jaringan generasi kedua. Dari hasil pengujian resistensi diperoleh 14 nomor yang tahan penyakit. Keempat belas nomor tersebut adalah delapan nomor dari rimpang asal kultur jaringan generasi pertama, tiga nomor dari tanaman hasil kultur jaringan generasi kedua, dan tiga nomor dari rimpang konvensional