Anther culture study of local tidal swamp rice

English. The local tidal swamps rice cultivars are well adapted in the tidal swamps areas condition, but its have high plant type, late maturity, photosensitive and low yielded. The good character of those cultivars could be used for tidal swamps rice improvement. Anther culture could be used for rice breeding program, to obtain homozygous plant with genetic stability, and it will shorten the breeding cycle compared to conventional breeding method. The experiment was conducted at the laboratory and green house of Balitbio, Bogor in the DS of 1996 to the WS of 1996/97, to evaluate the ability of callus induction and plant regeneration of some local tidal swamps rice cultivars. Ten local cultivars were used for anther culture explant. The N6 medium was used for callus induction and plant regeneration. Anther cold treatment was conducted in 5 deg. C. - 10 deg. C for 8-10 days before cultured. The result showed that the highest number of callus were obtained from Mesir (8.6 percent) and Pantat Ulat (4.8 percent). The highest number of green plantlet were also obtained from Mesir (0.5 percent), followed by Karawih (0.4 percent), and Pantat Ulat (0.42 percent). After acclimatization phase until harvesting time the highest number of green plantlet were obtained from Sambas (121), followed by Karawih (39), and Mesir (37). Balimau Putih was not regenerated. The haploid plants were obtained from Mesir, Siputih, and Pucuk. The diploid plants were obtained from Sambas, Pantat Ulat, Karawih, and Dukuh were not so clear whether these plants were originated from spontaneous diploidization. It took 365-416 days to get diploid plants through this anther culture method

unknown. Padi lokal rawa pasangsurut umumnya mempunyai daya adaptasi lingkungan yang baik, namun memiliki sifat tipe tanaman tinggi, berumur panjang, fotosensitif serta hasilnya rendah. Sifat baik padi lokal dapat digunakan dalam program perbaikan padi rawa pasangsurut. Kultur antera merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam program perbaikan kultivar padi, dalam memperoleh galur murni yang lebih cepat dari pada melalui cara konvensional. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Balitbio Bogor pada MK 1996 hingga MP 1996/97, untuk mengetahui daya induksi kalus maupun regenerasi beberapa kultivar lokal padi rawa pasang surut melalui kultur antera. Antera 10 kultur padi lokal rawa pasang surut digunakan sebagai eksplan dan diberi perlakuan dingin (5 derajat Celcius - 10 derajat Celcius) selama 8-10 hari sebelum diinduksi kalus. Sebagai medium induksi kalus maupun regenerasi tanaman digunakan medium N6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah kalus tertinggi diperoleh dari kultivar Mesir (8.6 persen) diikuti kultivar Pantat Ulat (4.8 persen). Pada tahap regenerasi, tanaman hijau tertinggi diperoleh dari kultivar Mesir (0.5 persen), Karawih (0.4 persen), dan Pantat Ulat (0.42 persen). Pada tahap sesudah aklimatisasi hingga panen dari kultivar lokal Sambas memperoleh jumlah rumput tertinggi (121 rumput), dari Karawih (39 rumput) dan dari Mesir (37 rumput). Balimau putih tidak beregenerasi, serta dari kultivar Mesir, Siputih dan Pucuk diperoleh tanaman yang hampa (haploid) sedangkan dari Sambas, Pantat Ulat, Karawih dan Dukuh dihasilkan tanaman yang diploid, namun tidak dideteksi apakah tanaman tersebut dihaploid hasil diploidisasi spontan. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memperoleh tanaman hasil kultur anter pada varietas lokal di atas adalah 365 hingga 416 hari