Study on the diseases of cultured frog (Rana tigrina Cantor)
1997
Veera Singthongchai
Bacterial species from cultured frog in Thailand were surveyed from March 1993 to February 1994. A total of 9 bacterial species were isolated from diseased frogs: Aeromonas hydrophila, A. Sobria, Pseudomnas sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp., Proteus sp., Diplococcus sp., Achromobacter sp. and Flexibacter columnaris. Eight species of bacteria were recorded in the rainy season, while 7 species were isolated in summer and winter. Water quality parameters from frog cultured ponds were as follows: pH between 5.5-9.0, 6.0-9.0, 6.0-9.0, alkalinity between 90-230, 105-210, 95-220 miligram per liter, hardness between 30-120, 25-120, 40-130 milligram per liter and total ammonia between 2.4-4.5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4.5 milligram per liter. The sensitivity of 230 bacterial isolates to 6 antimicrobial agents was examined. The percentage of isolates sensitive to the antimicrobials were as follows: Sulfamethoxazole 73.91 percent, Nitrofurantoin 70.43 percent, Chloramphenical 63.47 percent, Oxytetracyclin 51.73 percent, Streptomycin 42.17 percent and Erythromycin 39.56 percent. A survey for parasites in the large and small intestine and stomach of the adult frogs and the skin of tadpoles revealed the Presence of Opalina sp., Protoopalina sp., Balantidium sp., Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Digenea. Examination of the liver revealed widespread congestion with inflammatary exudates and fragment deposits of melanin. Inflammatary exudates, congestion and haemorrhage were also observed in the kidney and spleen. Large accumulations of melanin were obvious in the spleen. In the muscle inflammatary exudate and haemorrhage were observed.
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