Somaclonal variation in fruit crops : a review
2000
Patil, P.V. | Navale, P.A. ( Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Pune (India))
Today the tissue culture technique is being used for faster multiplication and disease free planting material mostly in the plantation and horticultural crops (banana, apple, strawberry, grapes, palms, various commercial flowers etc.). While reviewing the somaclonal variation in fruit crops, banana appeared to be the most sensitive crop to produce large variations. Maximum 69.1 per cent variation was reported indicating instability of the polyploid genome. The somaclonal variations in fruit crops may be due to eigher differences in cultivar used, differences in ploidy levels, differences in disease reaction, production of off types, differences in growth, quality, pigments etc; likewise variations at molecular level appeared due to eigher ex-plant, cell size, plant part used for propagation and also may be due to various nutritional media etc. These somaclonal variants appeared to be useful sources of new variation in fruit crops. However, very few of them may serve the purpose of plant breeders for improving cultivars. Review on cultivar differences exhibited differential response of cultivar suggesting that one has to identify the genotypes/varieties with stable response for micropropagation otherwise with present technique of micropropagation the genotype may loose its identity with faster rate and create problem of genetic erosion. Occurrence of variation of the various stages eigher in vitro or in vivo appeared to be due to the variation in nutritional media. In order to increase the accuracy and efficiency of micropropagation the studies on genotypic response to the components of nutritional media need to be worked out carefully, so that the somaclonal variations will be minimal and the frequency of true replicas of parental form can be increased effectively.
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