Dietary intake and the risk of goiter among rural pregnant women in Benguet province, the Philippines
2001
Belino, F.B.
Clinical goiter assessment showed that 119 out of 317 or 37.5 percent of pregnant women in the three municipalities of Benguet were goitrous ranging from Grade 1 to Grade 3. As to their iodine status, the median urinary iodine excretion among the cases was 9.19 ug/dl while that of the control was 7.57 ug/dl, indicating mild iodine deficiency disorders in the province. The nutrient intake computed from the 24-hour recall showed that the cases were taking lesser calories, protein, and iodine than the control group. Comparison of the average and frequency intake of iodine rich and goitrogenic foods showed that the intake of iodine rich foods was significantly low among the cases. The average intake of goitrogenic foods was also significantly higher among the cases than the control. Iodine levels in water from various sources showed no significant differences. Analysis of naturally occurring goitrogens in drinking water showed a rate within the permissible limits set by the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW). However, the water samples contained high bacterial load particularly Escherichia coli, which is not acceptable as per World Health Organization (WHO) standard. In conclusion, the etiologic factors for goiter causation among pregnant women in Benguet Province were dietary intake primarily the low intake of energy, protein, and iodine due to the low and less frequent consumption of iodine-rich foods and more frequent intake of goitrogenic foods. This is aggravated by the presence of bacterial contaminants in water particularly E. coli which has anti-thyroid activity
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