Milk-derived bioactive peptides: technological challenges
2002
Leonil, J. | Maubois, J.L. (Institut national de Recherches agronomiques, Rennes (France). Lab. de Recherches de Technologie laitiere)
Milk proteins have an exceptional and unique nutritional value for the human beings. Moreover the supply of nitrogen and essential amino acids to the human organism, numerous results unambiguously demonstrate they have physiological activities through bioactive sequences. Separation, purification and production at an industrial level of these peptides must be thought in terms of integrated and high added value use of all milk components i.e. use of controlled separation technologies preserving researched properties, preventing microbial spoilage and taking in account potential value of co-products generated at each step of the used process. Membrane technologies (MF, UF, NF) provide key opportunities to prepare well-defined protein substrates in a native state. Oriented release of specific peptides can be achieved, in spite of the lack of basic knowledge on enzyme kinetics under heterogeneous conditions, by controlling environmental parameters of proteolysis in a membrane reactor as illustrated by results obtained on kappa-glycomacropeptide and beta-casein. Further chromatographic treatments allow production of highly purified peptides. Involvement of specific technologies such as intrinsic labelling milk proteins with 15N- or 13C-amino-acid is also requested for the demonstration of absorption kinetics as well as bioactivity on human volunteers in order to avoid unacceptable invasive experiments. Milk-derived bioactive peptides unquestionably, represent a fascinating opportunity for the dairy industry to be a major actor of the nutraceutical market but their common use for preservation of human health and even for treating chronic illness requires a deep and constant exchange between protein biochemists, technologists and nutritionists in order to demonstrate their physiological activity on humans.
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