Response of elite wheat genotypes to sowing date in the northern region of the Sudan
2000
Ibrahim, O.H. (Hudeiba Research Station, El Damer (Sudan)) | Abdalla, O.S. (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Aleppo (Syria))
High temperature is a major environmental constraint that limits wheat cultivation in tropical and subtropical environments. Nonetheless, considerable variability in bread wheat performance under heat stress conditions has been reported. In Sudan, the wheat growing season is short (i.e., 90-100 days). Farmers, particularly in the northern region, often delay wheat planting until December to January, exposing the crop to heat stress. Delayed plantings are often associated with substantial grain yield losses, estimated at up to 86% at farm level. A field study was carried out at Hudeiba for three years, 1995/96 1997/98, with the objective of advising farmers on the selection of cultivars that suit best to their intended planting time. Fifteen elite bread wheat genotypes were planted at optimum (mid-November) and late (mid-December) sowing dates. Delaying sowing date by one month reduced grain yield by 27%, and genotypes exhibited significant differential response to sowing date. Genotype HD2380 was superior under both early and late plantings. However, medium maturity cultivars, such as "Seri 82", "Debeira" and "Wadi el Neil", should be planted at the optimum date, while the early maturity cultivars such as "Condor", "Nacozari" and "Fang 60", perfonn best when late sowing is unavoidable.
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