The of effect irrigation and fertilization on quantity and quality of sugar beet yield
2001
Bizik, J. | Zapotocny, V. | Mala, S. (Vyskumny Ustav Melioracii a Krajinneho Inzinierstva, Bratislava (Slovak Republic)
In the year 2000 sugar beet (DS 4014 variety) has been included in the crop rotation within the stationary long-term field trial that had been established in 1973 wherein seven fertilisation combinations (0, NP, PK, NK, NPK, N1PK a N1P1K1) and two irrigation regimes (irrigated and non-irrigated) were applied on Calcarocalcic Chernozem in south-western Slovakia. It may be deduced from the achieved results that from the viewpoint of yield successful growing of sugar beet strictly depends on the per hectare number of plants combined with timely and good sowing. Both irrigation and fertilisation have shown to be significant intensifying factors that ensure higher, stabile yields. In 2000 the refined sugar yield achieved 12 t/ha and the sugar content in roots was higher than 18 degree S. In this year extreme temperatures and shortage of precipitation occurred in the course of vegetation period and irrigation influenced the root yield formation more. The yields of roots, sacharose and refined sugar were increased by 28.4%, 41.0% and 43.9% respectively. Medium, per hectare nutrient rates (80 kg of N, 50 kg of P and 140 kg of K) combined with irrigation have increased the yields of roots, sacharose and refined sugar by 8.5%, 6.8% and 6.0% respectively and without irrigation by 12.7%, 14.9% and 10.9% respectively. Increased fertilisation of non-irrigated sugar beet (1.5-fold nutrient rates) have resulted in higher yields of roots, sacharose and refined sugar by 32.5%, 26.1% and 21.6% respectively. The interrelationship between the inorganic nitrogen (Nin) content in soil and yields of roots and refined sugar has been identified. From the viewpoint of higher sugar content, at the beginning of vegetation period the Nin content in the top 0 to 0.6 m soil layer should be on the level of 15 to 20 mg/kg of nitrogen and towards the end of vegetation period it should decrease to 3 to 4 mg/kg of nitrogen. It has been proved that on soils with higher humus contents high yields of highquality sugarbeet roots can be achieved without direct manuring and through adequate use of artificial fertilisers
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