Effects of irrigation-scheduling variants of chernozem planted with sugar beet on root and sugar yield
2002
Matovic, G. (Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade - Zemun (Serbia and Montenegro)) | Milivojevic, J. | Bosnjakovic, G. | Denic, M.
Four-year studies were carried out on the experimental field "13th May" in Zemun Polje to determine the optimum irrigation scheduling of chernozem planted with sugar beet, i.e., the lowest number of water applications for producing maximum root and sugar yields. Irrigation was applied by sprinkling method, and its rate and time were determined by the method of water balance of effective rhizosphere zone. Pluviometric regimes during the study period comprised one wet, one normal, and two dry hydrological years. Therefore, natural water regime of chernozem conditioned very fluctuating and, on average, low yields of root (48.2 t/ha) and sugar (7.34 t/ha). The studies showed that irrigation increases sugar beet root yield, on average, by 87%, but trends to decrease sugar content, so that increase of sugar total amount is, on average, 81%. Maximum yields of root (85.3 t/ha) and sugar (12.7 t/ha) are obtained by irrigation applied from the phenological stage of crown growth to sugar beet technological maturity, with average irrigation rate of 416 mm distributed in 8 applications. Thus, 77% of sugar beet genetic potential is utilized in contrast to 44% under conditions of soil natural water regime. Higher irrigation rates result in lower yields.
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