Toxic effects of Cypermethrin on the development of muscle in chick embryo of Gallus domesticus
2004
Anwar, K. (University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad (Pakistan). Dept. of Zoology)
Present study was aimed at investigating the toxic effects on the muscle of 16 day-old-chick embryo of different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm) of cypermethrin insecticide administered as a single sub-lethal dose (0.05 ml) into the eggs at day `0' of incubation. Toxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical changes in the muscle of developing embryo. Among biochemical constituents, activities of a few enzymes like, amylase, alkaline phosphatase (AkP), acid phosphatase (AcP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and some biochemical constituents like, glucose, glycogen, total protein, soluble protein, free amino acids, total lipids, cholesterol, urea, uric acid, DNA and RNA were investigated. Of the enzymes the activity of only ALT was affected with cypermethrin treatment and that was its increase at all the doses. Cypermethrin treatment resulted in the increase in glycogen, total protein, soluble protein and free amino acids contents and decrease in the total lipid, cholesterol, urea and RNA contents of the muscle. Among carbohydrates, glycogen was increased at all the doses, whereas glucose content remained unaltered. Among proteins, total protein was increased at 100, 200 and 400 ppm, whereas soluble protein increased only at 100 ppm. Total free amino acids content also showed increase at 100 ppm. Among lipids, total lipid content was decreased at 200 and 400 ppm, whereas cholesterol content was decreased at all the doses. Urea content was decreased only at 400 ppm. RNA was decreased at 200 and 400 ppm. Uric acid and DNA showed mixed response, uric acid content was increased at 100 and 200 ppm and decreased at 400 ppm while, DNA was increased at 100 ppm and decreased at 50 and 200 ppm. These biochemical changes induced with cypermethrin treatment reflect the muscular damage.
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