Qualitative assessment of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in residential areas of Faisalabad [Pakistan] by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique
2002
Imran, M.
The present research deals with the suspended particulate matter (SPM), which is the source of air pollution. The study was necessary due to hazardous effects of SPM on human health. In the present work, characterization of the mineral phases present in SPM samples were carried out using X-Ray diffraction technique. The samples of SPM were collected from the filters of the air conditioners, These samples were strained in order to remove fibrous or the other undesired material and afterwards sieved to get uniform grain size. Each sample was ground in mortar and pestle for its homogenous consistency. XRD analysis was accomplished by means of automated X-Ray Diffractometer (Rint 2000 series, Rigaku). The qualitative phase analysis was carried out by applying Hanawalt Method. The qualitative analysis showed the presence of phases such as Quartz, Albeit, Illite, Clinochlore, Calcite, Talc and Gypsum in these samples. The average concentration of the mineral phases observed that Illite was the major constituent both in SPM samples. Second, third, forth, fifth and sixth largest constituents in SPM samples were Quartz, Albite, Clinochlore, Calcite and Gypsum respectively. There are so many sources of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) the ambient air of Faisalabad like industries, auto vehicles etc. are not observing any type of the emission standards to check the TSP concentration. For better environment, proper sanitary land fill site, rapid urban organization, water supply, sewerage and natural gas facilities must be arranged in a protective manner. In these different departments proper maintenance is must for assurance of the desired neat and clean environment.
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