Synopsis of water management experiments in Indonesia
2002
Gani, A. | Rahman, A. | Dahono | Rustam | Hengsdijk, H.
As the demand for industrial, municipal and other water uses increases, less water will be available for Indonesian agriculture. To maintain food security, means must be developed to increase the productivity of water used in agriculture. This paper describes the results of three field experiments in a recently reclaimed lowland rice area of Riau Province assessing the effects of different water management practices (continuously flooded and intermittent wetting and drying), seedling age, and nutrient management. Regularly, the number of (effectice) tillers, plant height, leaf area, and biomass distribution over plant parts were measured during growth. Because the experiments were severely damaged by rats from 90 to 110 d after transplanting (DAT), here results are reported of only plant characteristics measured before 90 DAT. Intermittent irrigation consistently performed better than continuously flooded irrigation, that is, it produced more (effective) tillers, leaf area, and biomass. Seedlings of 7 and 14 d had more vigorous vegetative plant growth than 21-d-old seedlings - they produced more (effective) tillers and biomass, taller plants, ans longer roots. But the positive effect of younger seedlings on leaf area was not shown under flooded conditions. Organic manure applied at 3 t ha-1 showed positive effects on biomass production compared with 0 and 6 t ha-1. However, the effect of organic manure at 90 DAT was determined only in combination with a high fertilizer application. A crop receiving 1 t lime and 90 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1, of which 50% was given at 7 and 28 DAT, respectively, performed better than a crop receiving 1 t lime and 4 t manure ha-1.
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