The Slovak gene pool of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and comparison in its parameters
Salamon, I.(Presovska Univ. (Slovak Republic). Katedra Ekologie)E-mail:[email protected]
This study presents the effect of genotype and environmental variations on the concentration of essential oil and its sesquiterpene composition in cultivated varieties and wild populations of Matricaria reticulata from East-Slovakian Lowland. Besides this, some morphological characteristics of diploid and tetraploid varieties as well as wild plants were evaluated. They presented a great variability not only between the different varieties but also within a variety and within the wild population. The highest concentrations of (-)-alpha-bisabololoxide A, (mean: 39.90%) and (-)-alpha-bisabololoxide B (mean: 9.75%) were typical for chamomile plants whose flower anthodia were collected at various places in the East-Slovakian Lowland. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the chamomile essential oil of selected cultivars showed that the dominant compounds were (-)-alpha-bisabolol (mean: 39.75%) and chamazulene (mean: 16.75%). The concentrations of these compounds in cultivated varieties markedly exceeded the values measured in wild plants indicating thus that cultivated German chamomila plants are more suitable for the production of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products than wild ones.
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