The variability of quantitative and qualitative characters on groundnut germplasm collection

English. Germplasm collection is a gene bank for crop improvement today and in the future. To make the best use of the collection, a proper description of the collection through characterization and evaluation must be available. Characterization and evaluation trials were conducted during the rainy season (RS) of 1993, and the dry season (DS) of 1998 at Muneng Experimental Station, East Java, Indonesia. One hundred-and-fifty-one and two-hundred-and-eighty-one genotypes were planted in each trial. Each genotype was planted in single row of 5 m long, 40 cm x 10 cm planting distance, and 1 plant/hill (DS) of 1998, two rows of 10 m long with no replication (RS 1993). The genotypes were arranged in randomized completely block design, replicated two times (DS 1998). Data were collected on qualitative and quantitative characters and rust and leaf spot disease intensity. There were high variability in qualitative characters (pods' reticulation, and beak), and seed color. Most of the germplasm collection belonged to erect type, had light green leaf color, round seed type, 2/1 seeds/pod, susceptible to rust and leaf spot diseases. The collection highly varied and had high mean value in pod weight/plant, number pods/plant, and seed size. Four genotypes were moderately resistant to rust/and leaf spot diseases. These germplasm collection profile indicated the value of the gene source in yield and disease resistance improvement in groundnut breeding

Indonesian. Koleksi plasma nutfah merupakan penyangga kebutuhan genetik masa kini dan masa depan. Untuk mencapai manfaat maksimum koleksi harus dideskripsikan dengan baik. Sebanyak 151 dan 281 genotipe kacang tanah koleksi plasma nutfah Balitkabi dikarakterisasi, masing-masing, pada musim hujan (MH) 1993 dan musim kering (MK) 1998 di Inlitkabi Muneng, Jawa Timur. Setiap genotipe ditanam satu sepanjang 5 m, jarak tanam 40 cm x 10 cm, 1 tanaman/lubang (MK 1998). Rancangan lingkungan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok yang diulang dua kali (MK 1998), augmented design dalam rancangan acak kelompok, 4 ulangan (MK 1998). Pada evaluasi MK 1993 setiap genotipe ditanam dua baris sepanjang 10 m, tanpa ulangan. Pengamatan meliputi karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif serta skor serangan penyakit karat dan bercak daun. Terdapat keragaman yang relatif luas untuk karakter-karakter kualitatif terutama karakteristik polong (retikulasi, konstriksi dan paruh polong), jumlah biji per polong, dan warna biji di dalam contoh populasi koleksi yang dievaluasi. Sebagian besar koleksi bertipe tumbuh tegak, warna daun hijau muda, berbiji bulat, berbiji 2 polong, warna biji ros, peka terhadap serangan penyakit karat/bercak daun. Berat polong/tanaman, tinggi tanaman, jumlah polong isi/tanaman mempunyai keragaman dan nilai tengah yang cukup tinggi. Terdapat empat genotipe yang bereaksi agak tahan terhadap serangan penyakit karat dan/atau bercak daun dengan skor 4-5. Hasil evaluasi tersebut menunjukkan adanya peluang untuk memanfaatkan koleksi plasma nutfah yang ada dalam program perbaikan potensi hasil dan ketahanan terhadap karat/bercak daun