Quantitative/qualitative study of azadirachtin and neem oil extractedfrom various explants and callus cultures of Azadirachta indica
2004
Aftab, F. | Butt, M.K.,Punjab Univ., Lahore (Pakistan). Dept. ofBotany
The present work was conducted in order to optimize cultureconditions for in vitro callogenesis in Azadirachta indica. In addition,another main focus of this study was to investigate the amount ofazadirachtin and neem oil from callus cultures and its comparison withrespective explants of Azadirachta indica. Azadirachtin and neem oil havemedicinal, insecticidal and bio-pesticidal importance. Nodal, leaf, andcotyledonary explants were used for callogenesis. For callogenesis, tendifferent media (C1 to C10) were tested using above-mentioned explants.Of the ten tested media, C5 (MS + 1.0 mgL-1 BAP + 0.5 mgL-1 NAA + 1.0gL-1 CH + 50 gL-1 sucrose) gave best response for callogenesis fromleaf segments. For cotyledonary explants, C1 medium (MS + 2.0 mgL-12,4-D + 0.5 mgL-1 Kin) was the best suited. Nodal segments proved to bebetter in terms of higher proliferation rate and earlier response in C5medium. In comparison with all the explants, cotyledon showed highestyield of both oil (13.56 %) as well as azadirachtin contents (15.33 %).Similarly, in case of callus cultures, calli developed from cotyledonaryexplants gave the highest percentage yield of oils and azadirachtincontents, i. e., 6.93 and 10.64 % respectively. It was observed thatexplants had higher oils and azadirachtin content as compared to callideveloped from these explants. The qualitative analysis gave Rf values inthe same range for each explant and its respective callus cultures, 1. e.,from 0.28 to 0.31 for oil, whereas for azadirachtin from 0.46-0.54, whichwas quite closer to the Rf value of pure azadirachtin.
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