Occurrence of barley leaf blight diseases in Central Western Asia and North Africa
2004
Yahyaoui, A.H. (ICARDA, Aleppo (Syria))
Many constraints, including biotic stress, impact barley productivity in Central and Western Asia and North Africa (CWANA). Foliar and seed borne- diseases are prevalent in all barley growing areas. Early disease infections often affect the stand establishment of the barley crop and hence greatly reduce tiller number and productivity. This situation is very common in areas where barley is cultivated annually or when it's grown after fallow. Under moderate rainfall conditions net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f.sp teres) can cause important yield losses in North Africa, the Nile Valley and the Red Sea region. Net form-net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f.sp teres) and spot form net blotch (Pyrenophora teres f.sp. maculata) are very severe in Eritrea and parts of Ethiopia, whereas scald (Rhyncosporium secalis) is the most widely spread disease in CWANA particularly in areas characterized by cool winters. High scald infections are usually observed in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Turkey, Tunisia, Morocco, Kyrgystan, and Kazakhstan. Monoculture of elite barley varieties such as Rihane lead to serious barley leaf blight disease epidemics in some countries of North Africa where farmers have to apply fungicides in order to save their barley crop. In many areas in West Asia, particularly Syria, Jordan, Iraq, and parts of Iran spot blotch (Bipolaris sorakiniana) prevails in areas where barley is the only realistic cereal crop. Barley stripe disease (Pyrenophora graminea) disease is predominant in areas where farmers rely entirely on their own produced seed and do not use fungicides for seed treatment. For this purpose, disease surveys were conducted in CWANA to identify the prevalent barley diseases and to help establish adequate management practices
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