Biodiversity in Rangeland plants of the Sudan
2002
El Wakeel, A.S.,Ministry of Environment and Physical Development, Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources (HCENR). National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP
Like forests, range lands areas arediminishing because of horizontal agriculture, removal of trees, heavy grazing, increase of the number of livestock, fires, changing of nomads' routes etc. there are three kinds of livstock raising that are closely associated with the availability and condition of rangelands. these are:- 1. trashumance pastoral system:- in this system, camel, sheep and goats are the main animals. rased along khors and wadis. it is weakly associated with arable farming and involves short and long distance migration, within a region, in search of fodder and water Livestock here is largely dependent for their survival on grazing and browsing of natural range lands. Cattle raising is very rarein this system:- 2. transhumance-agro-pastoral system. This system is very well linked with arable farming and livestock is usually composed of cattle with few sheep, goats and donkeys. Camels are rather few here. This system dominates near agricultural schemes and farms, in addition to natural rangelands. Livestock here have access to crops residues:- 3. sedentary system. In this system, few numbers of small ruminants is kept as a source of milk and meat. Dry animals may be sent away to grazing, while milking animals are grazed close by and given supplementary feeds
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